Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Twin studies: Twin studies in psychology are research methods that compare the similarities and differences between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins to understand the influence of genetics versus environment on human traits, behaviors, and diseases. These studies help to estimate heritability—the proportion of variation in traits attributable to genetic factors—providing insights into nature versus nurture debates. See also Heritablity, Nature versus nurture, Behavior, Personality traits._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Behavioral Genetics on Twin Studies - Dictionary of Arguments
Corr I 288 Twin studies/behavioral genetics/personality traits/Munafò: the logic of twin studies is that if a behavioural trait is more similar in pairs of MZ (monozygotic) twins than it is in pairs of DZ (dizygotc) twins, then that trait must presumably be under a degree of genetic influence. Corr I 289 The proportion of variation in phenotype that is due to variation in genotype is expressed as the heritability of a trait (h2) – a heritability coefficient of 0.50 means that 50 per cent of the variation in that trait is due to genotypic variation. When we talk about the relative influence of genotype and environment on phenotype we are talking about the relative influence of variability in the former on variability in the latter. Accurate estimates of h2 can be arrived at using structural equation modelling, which assumes that there are three distinct influences on phenotypic variation, comprising additive genetic effects (A), common or shared environmental effects (C), and unique or non-shared environmental effects (E). Such models are often referred to as ACE models. >Heritability/Behavioral genetics. Twin studies consistently report a higher degree of similarity on measures of personality between MZ twins than between DZ twins, suggesting substantial heritability of these traits. For example, data from Canada and Germany (Jang, Livesley and Vernon 2002)(1) on twins who completed the NEO-PI-R indicated correlation coefficients of approximately 0.45 for MZ twins, and 0.20 for DZ twins. 1. Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J. and Vernon, P. A. 1996. Heritability of the big five personality dimensions and their facets, Journal of Personality 64: 577–91 Marcus R. Munafò,“Behavioural genetics: from variance to DNA“, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.)2009. The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Behavioral Genetics Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
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> Counter arguments against Behavioral Genetics
> Counter arguments in relation to Twin Studies
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-29